Acne is a common skin condition that typically occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. It often appears as pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper cysts or nodules. The severity of acne can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. Here are the typical symptoms and signs of acne:

1. Pimples (Pustules): Pimples are raised, red bumps on the skin with a white or yellow center filled with pus. They are often referred to as pustules.
2. Blackheads (Open Comedones): Blackheads are small, dark spots that appear on the skin’s surface. They are open comedones formed when a hair follicle becomes clogged with oil and dead skin cells. The dark color is not due to dirt but rather oxidation of the oil.
3. Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): Whiteheads are similar to blackheads but remain closed under the skin’s surface. They appear as small, flesh-colored or white bumps.
4. Cysts and Nodules: In more severe cases of acne, larger and more painful lesions can develop. These include cysts and nodules. Cysts are pus-filled, painful lumps beneath the skin, while nodules are hard, large, and deeply embedded bumps.
5. Inflammation: Acne lesions are often accompanied by redness and inflammation around the affected area due to the body’s immune response to the bacteria present in the clogged follicles.
6. Scarring: Severe or untreated acne can lead to scarring. This can manifest as depressed or raised scars on the skin after the acne lesions have healed.
7. Oiliness and Shiny Skin: People with acne-prone skin might notice an increase in oil production, leading to shiny or greasy-looking skin.
8. Tenderness or Pain: Larger and deeper acne lesions, such as cysts and nodules, can be painful and tender to the touch.
9. Texture Irregularities: Acne can lead to changes in skin texture, including roughness or unevenness.
10. Location: Acne commonly appears on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back—areas where oil glands are more active.

It’s important to note that various factors can contribute to the development of acne, including hormonal changes, genetics, diet, stress, and certain skincare or makeup products. Read more about A review of the diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients by clicking here.

Mild cases of acne can often be managed with over-the-counter treatments, while more severe cases may require prescription medications or interventions from a dermatologist. If you’re concerned about acne or its impact on your skin, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional or dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

Excessive yawning on its own is not typically a sign of a serious disease. Yawning is a normal physiological response that occurs in humans and many animals. It can happen for various reasons, including tiredness, boredom, changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, and even social cues.

However, in some cases, excessive yawning might be associated with underlying medical conditions or issues that warrant attention. Here are a few situations where excessive yawning could potentially indicate an underlying problem:

1. Sleep Disorders: Excessive yawning can be a symptom of sleep disorders like sleep apnea, where breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep. This can lead to daytime fatigue and excessive yawning as the body tries to compensate for the lack of restful sleep. Click here to read more about Acne Symptoms and Signs.
2. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: People with chronic fatigue syndrome often experience persistent tiredness and excessive yawning. This condition can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
3. Medication Side Effects: Some medications, especially certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antihistamines, can cause drowsiness and excessive yawning as side effects.
4. Neurological Conditions: In some cases, excessive yawning has been linked to neurological conditions like epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and migraine headaches.
5. Cardiovascular Issues: While less common, some cardiovascular conditions, like heart failure or heart attack, could lead to excessive yawning due to the body’s response to reduced oxygen levels.
6. Stress and Anxiety: Stress, anxiety, and emotional distress can sometimes trigger excessive yawning. It’s a reflex that may help to increase oxygen intake and alleviate tension.

It’s important to note that excessive yawning alone is not enough to diagnose any specific condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing excessive yawning along with other concerning symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or changes in behavior, it’s recommended to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough evaluation, consider medical history, and conduct any necessary tests to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment if needed.